What term describes an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?

The term that describes an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is ascites. This condition often results from various underlying issues, such as liver disease, heart failure, or infections, leading to the buildup of fluid that can create abdominal swelling and discomfort.

Edema refers to swelling caused by fluid accumulation in tissues, but it is not specific to the peritoneal cavity. Hydrothorax describes the presence of fluid in the pleural cavity around the lungs, which is a separate anatomical area. Hemoperitoneum indicates the accumulation of blood in the peritoneal cavity, typically due to trauma or rupture of blood vessels or organs, rather than excess fluid. Therefore, ascites accurately identifies the specific condition of fluid buildup in the peritoneum, differentiating it from the other terms.