What is the name of the thin layer of tissue that covers the ends of bones at synovial joints?

The thin layer of tissue that covers the ends of bones at synovial joints is known as articular cartilage. This specialized cartilage serves several important functions; it provides a smooth, lubricated surface for articulation and facilitates the movement of joints while minimizing friction. Additionally, articular cartilage acts as a shock absorber, helping to distribute loads and reduce stress on the underlying bone during weight-bearing activities.

In contrast, the synovial membrane is responsible for producing synovial fluid, which lubricates the joints but does not cover the bones themselves. Subchondral bone refers to the layer of bone just beneath the articular cartilage, providing structural support, while the periosteum is a dense layer of connective tissue that envelops the outer surface of bones, playing a role in bone growth and repair, but it is not found at the joint surfaces. Each of these structures has distinct functions, with articular cartilage being specifically crucial for the proper functioning of synovial joints.