What is severe shock caused by an allergic reaction known as?

Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction is known as anaphylactic shock. This condition occurs when the immune system overreacts to a trigger, such as a food allergen, medication, or insect sting, leading to the rapid release of histamines and other chemicals that cause widespread vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and bronchoconstriction. As a result, blood pressure drops significantly, and the airway may become constricted, leading to difficulty breathing. Recognizing anaphylactic shock is critical because it requires immediate intervention, typically with epinephrine, to reverse the life-threatening symptoms and stabilize the patient.

The other types of shock listed involve different underlying mechanisms. Cardiogenic shock is primarily due to the heart's inability to pump effectively, often seen in severe heart conditions. Hypovolemic shock results from a significant loss of blood or fluids, whereas neurogenic shock is caused by damage to the nervous system that results in the loss of vascular tone. Understanding the distinct characteristics and causes of each type of shock is essential for appropriate assessment and treatment in emergency care.